Millennium Development Goals and Targets :

 

 Development and Environment : : Millennium Development Goals and Targets:

• The United Nations Millennium Declaration was ratified by world leaders in September 2000 at the UN headquarters in New York.
• The Declaration committed nations to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and set out a series of eight time-bound targets, with a deadline of 2015, that came to be known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
• The aims of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were to encourage development by improving social and economic conditions in the world’s poorest countries.

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
• Reduce by half the proportion of people living on less than a dollar a day
• Reduce by half the proportion of people who suffer from hunger.
2. Achieve universal primary education
• Ensure that all boys and girls complete a full course of primary schooling
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
• Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015
4. Reduce child mortality
• Reduce by two thirds the mortality rate among children under five
5. Improve maternal health
• Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria other diseases
• Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
• Halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
• Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs; reverse the loss of environmental resources
• Reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water
• Achieve significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers, by 2020
8. Develop a global partnership for development
• Develop further an open trading and financial system that is rule-based, predictable, and non-discriminatory, including a commitment to good governance, development, and poverty reduction — nationally and internationally.

Sustainable Development Goals:

• The Sustainable Development Goals were adopted by all United Nations Member States as a universal call to action to end poverty and protect the planet by 2030.
• They are built on the principle of “leaving no one behind”.
• The SDGs replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which had started a global effort in 2000 to tackle the indignity of poverty.
• The MDGs established measurable, universally agreed objectives for tackling extreme poverty and hunger, preventing deadly diseases, and expanding primary education to all children, among other development priorities.
• The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets are integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic, social, and environmental.

There are 17 Sustainable Development Goals

 • The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (or the Global Goals for Sustainable Development, the 17 Global Goals, the Global Goals or simply the Goals) are a collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015 for the year 2030. The SDGs are part of Resolution 70/1 of the United Nations General Assembly: "Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development". That has been shortened to "2030 Agenda".

1. No poverty- End poverty in all its forms everywhere.

2. Zero hunger- End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. 

3. Good health and well-being for people- Ensure healthy lives and promote well being for all at all ages.

4. Quality education- Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. 

5. Gender equality- Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.

6. Clean water and sanitation- Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.

7. Affordable and clean energy- Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.

8. Decent work and economic growth- Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all.

9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure- Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation.

10. Reducing inequalities- Reduce inequality within and among countries.

11. Sustainable cities and communities- Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.

12. Responsible consumption and production-Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.

13. Climate action- Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts (noting agreements made by the UNFCCC forum)

14. Life below water- Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development.

15. Life on land- Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification and halt and reverse land degradation, and halt biodiversity loss.

16. Peace, justice and strong institutions- Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.

17. Partnerships for the goals- Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development.

 

Previous year Questions from Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Question: What are the Millennium Development Goals? Option 1: Set, time-limited development targets Option 2: Quantifiable targets across eight areas of development Option 3: Aimed at eradication of extreme poverty and hunger by 2015 Option 4: All of the options given are correct  Ans: Option 4

Question:   Given below are two statements : Statement I: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are described as mandatory and international set of development models. Statement II: The ‘left behind’ referred to in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development were the vulnerable groups. In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below: Option 1: Both Statement I and Statement II are true Option 2: Both Statement I and Statement II are false Option 3: Statement I is true but Statement II is false Option 4: Statement I is false but Statement II is true Ans: Option 2